Protection against stack-based memory corruption errors using SafeStack: Clang command line option and function attribute

This patch adds the -fsanitize=safe-stack command line argument for clang,
which enables the Safe Stack protection (see http://reviews.llvm.org/D6094
for the detailed description of the Safe Stack).

This patch is our implementation of the safe stack on top of Clang. The
patches make the following changes:

- Add -fsanitize=safe-stack and -fno-sanitize=safe-stack options to clang
  to control safe stack usage (the safe stack is disabled by default).

- Add __attribute__((no_sanitize("safe-stack"))) attribute to clang that can be
  used to disable the safe stack for individual functions even when enabled
  globally.

Original patch by Volodymyr Kuznetsov and others at the Dependable Systems
Lab at EPFL; updates and upstreaming by myself.

Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D6095

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk@239762 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8