[analyzer] Use Clang's evaluation for global constants and default arguments.

Previously, we were handling only simple integer constants for globals and
the smattering of implicitly-valued expressions handled by Environment for
default arguments. Now, we can use any integer constant expression that
Clang can evaluate, in addition to everything we handled before.

PR15094 / <rdar://problem/12830437>

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk@175026 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8