[CodeGen] [CUDA] Add the ability set default attrs on functions in linked modules.

Summary:
Now when you ask clang to link in a bitcode module, you can tell it to
set attributes on that module's functions to match what we would have
set if we'd emitted those functions ourselves.

This is particularly important for fast-math attributes in CUDA
compilations.

Each CUDA compilation links in libdevice, a bitcode library provided by
nvidia as part of the CUDA distribution.  Without this patch, if we have
a user-function F that is compiled with -ffast-math that calls a
function G from libdevice, F will have the unsafe-fp-math=true (etc.)
attributes, but G will have no attributes.

Since F calls G, the inliner will merge G's attributes into F's.  It
considers the lack of an unsafe-fp-math=true attribute on G to be
tantamount to unsafe-fp-math=false, so it "merges" these by setting
unsafe-fp-math=false on F.

This then continues up the call graph, until every function that
(transitively) calls something in libdevice gets unsafe-fp-math=false
set, thus disabling fastmath in almost all CUDA code.

Reviewers: echristo

Subscribers: hfinkel, llvm-commits, mehdi_amini

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D28538

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk@293097 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8